![]() ![]() We explain how these tools will help plant disease management and complement serological and DNA-based methods. Our main findings are the following: (1) novel sensors based on the analysis of host responses, e.g., differential mobility spectrometer and lateral flow devices, deliver instantaneous results and can effectively detect early infections directly in the field (2) biosensors based on phage display and biophotonics can also detect instantaneously infections although they can be integrated with other systems and (3) remote sensing techniques coupled with spectroscopy-based methods allow high spatialization of results, these techniques may be very useful as a rapid preliminary identification of primary infections. Then, we review innovative approaches currently under development. Here, we describe modern methods based on nucleic acid and protein analysis. They need at least 1–2 days for sample harvest, processing, and analysis. Although DNA-based and serological methods have revolutionized plant disease detection, they are not very reliable at asymptomatic stage, especially in case of pathogen with systemic diffusion. DNA-based and serological methods now provide essential tools for accurate plant disease diagnosis, in addition to the traditional visual scouting for symptoms. Monitoring plant health and detecting pathogen early are essential to reduce disease spread and facilitate effective management practices. Plant diseases are responsible for major economic losses in the agricultural industry worldwide. ![]()
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